It seems only natural that some Americans adopted the belief that landing on the Moon was a hoax. After all some Americans believed this . . .
“We counted three parties of these creatures, of twelve, nine and fifteen in each, walking erect towards a small wood… Certainly they were like human beings, for their wings had now disappeared and their attitude in walking was both erect and dignified… About half of the first party had passed beyond our canvas; but of all the others we had perfectly distinct and deliberate view. They averaged four feet in height, were covered, except on the face, with short and glossy copper-colored hair, and had wings composed of a thin membrane, without hair, lying snugly upon their backs from the top of the shoulders to the calves of their legs.
The face, which was of a yellowish color, was an improvement upon that of the large orangutan… so much so that but for their long wings they would look as well on a parade ground as some of the old cockney militia. The hair of the head was a darker color than that of the body, closely curled but apparently not woolly, and arranged in two circles over the temples of the forehead. Their feet could only be seen as they were alternately lifted in walking; but from what we could see of them in so transient a view they appeared thin and very protuberant at the heel…We could perceive that their wings possessed great expansion and were similar in structure of those of the bat, being a semitransparent membrane expanded in curvilinear divisions by means of straight radii, united at the back by dorsal integuments. But what astonished us most was the circumstance of this membrane being continued from the shoulders to the legs, united all the way down, though gradually decreasing in width. The wings seemed completely under the command of volition, for those of the creatures whom we saw bathing in the water spread them instantly to their full width, waved them as ducks do theirs to shake off the water, and then as instantly closed them again in a compact form.
. . . . in 1835. It was published in the New York Sun by Richard Locke under a pseudonym. It was reported to have been the findings of Sir John Herschel, the British astronomer. Sales skyrocketed. The paper never officially retracted the story although it was admitted after a few weeks to have been a hoax. As a result many people clung to belief in the story. Speculation holds that Locke wrote the story in part to mock the gullibility of Americans. Edgar Allan Poe actually tried to evince the same kind of story a few months before Locke, but Poe’s overt cynicism and satirical tone betrayed the piece as fiction. It is also speculated that Locke wrote the article in part as a response to the enthusiastic and unquestioned acceptance of the writings and claims made by Rev. Thomas Dick, who was known as “The Christian Philosopher” after the title of his first book. Dick had computed that the Solar System contained 21,891,974,404,480 inhabitants, with the Moon alone, by his count, having some 4,200,000,000 inhabitants.
Although to be fair to Dick, he truly was inspired by science, especially astronomy. He made serious efforts to ameliorate the widening schist between hard science and theology, as many noteworthy men of his time did as well. However, I seriously doubt any such construct could ever be considered valid since faith and science are opposites in forms of thinking. But what this should serve as an excellent example of is the neuropsychology of the human mind. Confirmation bias at its worst comes to mind immediately. We often see and believe what we already want to see or already believe. When stories we have believed turnout to be false, we need to laugh at our gullibility and be thankful that we have learned we were wrong. Which brings me full-circle, the American public still is locked into a hard-line confirmation bias in scientific arenas, creationism in particular note. The storytelling abilities of those under severe cognitive dissonance is profound, even if nonsensical, itself contradictory, and likely to be costly. Formal retractions serve us all best in the long run.
The cliche ‘let the buyer beware’ certainly holds for belief systems. When we have invested in a particular belief we dread giving it up because of another human foible known as sunk cost. We just hate to abandon anything into which we have invested and will invest more and more and more in proportion to how much we have already invested. Yes, it is a bit like a feed-back loop of the auditory kind. The best way to circumvent a feeling of complete loss is to recognize that mistakes are valuable. Often far more so than getting it right. Religion has invested a great deal in marketing itself as the knowledge source. But its knowledge has been a basket of mistake after mistake. As long as we keep anteing up in the collection trays so that we can repeat the same mistakes over and over – (are they really that much fun?) – (and isn’t that the definition of insanity by in large) – we cannot advance. Lemming mentality did not get us to the Moon. We made a lot of mistakes but we recognized them as such and that’s what got us to the Moon.
We landed on the Moon. Several times. No trace of life has ever been found, even life as we would hardly recognize it. We seem harshly isolated to our own little blue planet. If we don’t adapt to believing that life is uncertain, that science is the closest thing we have to a ‘get out of jail’ card, and that if we don’t start living up to our self-appointed moniker, H. sapien, we will become extinct and some other life form will eventually evolve to fill our vacancy. And that is no hoax.